IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), standardized by IETF in 1998, is an advanced internet protocol designed to overcome the limitations of IPv4 and serves as one of the fundamental building blocks of modern internet infrastructure. With its 128-bit address structure providing approximately 340 undecillion (3.4×10^38) unique IP addresses, the protocol meets the needs of IoT devices, smart home systems, industrial sensors, and future technologies, using an address structure consisting of eight groups with four hexadecimal digits in each group. It offers significant advantages such as end-to-end security through IPSec protocol integration, enhanced QoS support enabling data flow prioritization, "plug and play" connectivity through automatic configuration features, and more efficient packet processing mechanisms. IPv6, which provides more effective group communication with multicast and anycast support, improves network performance through simplifications in header structure, eliminates the need for NAT, and offers enhanced support for mobile devices, also provides dual-stack support for backward compatibility with IPv4 and the ability to carry IPv6 traffic over existing IPv4 infrastructure through tunnel protocols. Currently adopted by major service providers and corporate networks, IPv6 is designed to meet future internet needs and stands out as a protocol with the capacity and security to address the increasing connectivity requirements in the IoT era.
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